Derived estimate — not a bank fact. No usable published total: the BCV reports commission tables, not throughput, and bolivar figures are distorted by hyperinflation (~92% of payments are digital). Modelled as an average South American nation: population (~28 million) x US$7,171 per capita - the mean per-capita of South America's three sourced retail/electronic-payment economies (Ecuador, Paraguay, Bolivia) - giving ~US$201 billion. Expressed in US dollars because the bolivar is hyperinflationary. A simulator input, not a recorded total and not a claim about Venezuela's actual flows.